A national survey of children and teens in Ireland also showed

a positive association between WG intake and total dietary fiber intake [30]. US Department of Agriculture nutrient profiles for food groups in the MyPyramid Equivalents Database [31] indicate that WG AZD2281 ic50 choices can account for about 28% of the total dietary fiber recommendation. However, in the current study, only a small proportion of children/adolescents and adults consumed at least 3 oz eq/d WG; hence, other foods accounted for a larger proportion of total dietary fiber intake for most of the sample. For example for children and adolescents, fruits and vegetables provided about one-third of the total dietary fiber intake for those who consumed less than 3 oz eq/d WG and

only about one-fifth for those who consumed at least 3 oz eq/d WG. Similarly, for a nationally representative sample of children/adolescents and adults (NHANES 2003-2006), others have found that about one-third of total dietary fiber intake was provided by fruit and vegetable food sources [32] and [33]. Dividing the total sample into WG intake groups in the current study allowed for a better understanding of how consuming WG foods at different levels affects the proportion of total dietary fiber that is provided by various WG and non-WG food sources. This knowledge can inform the development of food-based dietary guidelines to facilitate increased fiber intakes. The current study showed that breads and cereals were major food R428 mouse sources of WG in the diets of US children/adolescents and adults in 2009 to 2010 similar to the findings from NHANES data for the US population collected in 2001 to 2002 [13]. These 2 sources accounted for about two-thirds to three-fourths of WG intake in both periods. For children/adolescents, yeast breads were also the number 4 source of energy in the diet based on NHANES 2005 to 2006 data [34]. These findings indicate Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease that yeast breads are commonly consumed by children/adolescents, making them an ideal food source of WG. The updated assessment of WG intake completed in the current study from NHANES data 2009 to 2010 showed that mean daily WG intake for children and adolescents was similar to intake

estimated from 1999 to 2004 NHANES data [9]. O’Neil et al [9] showed that the mean daily WG servings were 0.45, 0.59, and 0.63 oz eq/d for children and adolescents aged 2 to 5 years, 6 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years, respectively. The current study (NHANES 2009-2010) showed that the mean daily intake was 0.57 oz eq/d. The mean number of WG servings for adults based on NHANES 1999 to 2004 ranged from 0.63 and 0.77 oz eq/d for adults 19 to 50 years and 51 years and older, respectively [10]. The current study showed that the mean intake was 0.82 oz eq/d for adults. Despite the media attention from the 2005 Dietary Guidelines calling for one-half of all grains to be consumed as WG and changes in the availability of products, intake is still at very low levels.