The API 20E and 20NE were performed in triplicate,

with V. harveyi LMG 4044T and V. campbellii LMG 11216T included as references. Salt tolerance was determined in PY broth [0.3% w/v neutralized peptone (Oxoid) and 0.1% w/v yeast extract (BD)] supplemented with NaCl concentrations between 0% and 10% (w/v) for 72 h at 28 °C with shaking. Growth responses to temperatures between 4 and 45 °C were tested in PY broth with 2% w/v NaCl for 72 h with shaking. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the disk susceptibility assay as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2008a, b) for ampicillin and gentamicin (10 μg), chloramphenicol, kanamycin and oxytetracycline (30 μg), erythromycin

(15 μg), sulphisoxazole (300 μg), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 1/19 (1.25/23.75 μg) selleck chemical and vibriostatic agent O129 (Oxoid) (10 and 150 μg). For fatty acid analyses, cells were grown for 24 h at 28 °C on tryptone soy agar medium supplemented with 1.5% NaCl (w/v). Fatty acid composition was determined using the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIDI), according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Microbial Identification Inc.). Genomic DNA was extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) PLX4032 from overnight cultures grown in MB at 28 °C with shaking, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified as described by Lane (1991) and sequenced using the

27f and 1492r oligonucleotides as sequencing primers. For the MLSA, the five protein-coding loci rpoA (RNA polymerase α-subunit), pyrH (uridylate kinase), topA (topoisomerase I), ftsZ (cell division protein FtsZ) and mreB (rod shaping protein MreB) were used. Genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced as described for rpoA and pyrH genes (Thompson et al., 2005), and topA, ftsZ and mreB genes (Sawabe et al., 2007). In addition, sequencing of 16S rRNA and rpoA genes was carried out for V. rotiferianus strain CAIM 994. Sequences of other protein-coding loci for this strain were retrieved from public databases (GenBank and http://www.taxvibrio.lncc.br/). http://www.selleck.co.jp/products/Gemcitabine(Gemzar).html Sequences generated in this study have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers GU018180–GU018182 and GU111249–GU111259 (Supporting Information, Table S3). Sequences were initially aligned with those of their closest relatives available in GenBank using the blastn program (Altschul et al., 1990). Subsequently, sequences of our two strains, close relatives and type strains of related vibrios were aligned by arb (Ludwig et al. 2004) or clustal_x (Thompson et al., 1997) for 16S rRNA and protein-coding genes, respectively. For arb alignments, manual corrections were performed, where necessary, based on 16S rRNA gene secondary structure.