Figure 1 Neighbor-joining trees based on MLST data and RFLP data for putative virulence determinants (experiment 1). Panel A, MLST; panel B, virulence gene RFLP. The MLST tree also includes MLST sequences for reference strains of major clonal complexes established by Wareing et al. [42] obtained from the Campylobacter jejuni MLST database [7]. Each strain name is followed by the number of the clonal complex to which that strain belongs and the

source from which it was isolated. The two most distantly related strains in the virulence gene RFLP analysis, Talazoparib cost D0121 and D2600, had a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0.45. Table 1 Characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni strains used in this study. C. jejuni strain Species of origin, disease status, location Source MLST sequence type

(clonal complex) 11168 Human disease UK American Type Culture Collection 21 (ST 43) D2586 Human disease UK Centers for Disease Control 21 (ST 43) D2600 Human disease USA Centers for Disease Control 353 (ST 452) D0835 Chicken carrier USA Centers for Disease Control 48 (ST 429) NW Human disease Africa Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI 354 (ST 354) 33560T Bovine carrier USA American Type Culture Collection {Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|buy Anti-infection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library ic50|Anti-infection Compound Library price|Anti-infection Compound Library cost|Anti-infection Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-infection Compound Library purchase|Anti-infection Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-infection Compound Library research buy|Anti-infection Compound Library order|Anti-infection Compound Library mouse|Anti-infection Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-infection Compound Library mw|Anti-infection Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-infection Compound Library datasheet|Anti-infection Compound Library supplier|Anti-infection Compound Library in vitro|Anti-infection Compound Library cell line|Anti-infection Compound Library concentration|Anti-infection Compound Library nmr|Anti-infection Compound Library in vivo|Anti-infection Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-infection Compound Library cell assay|Anti-infection Compound Library screening|Anti-infection Compound Library high throughput|buy Antiinfection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library ic50|Antiinfection Compound Library price|Antiinfection Compound Library cost|Antiinfection Compound Library solubility dmso|Antiinfection Compound Library purchase|Antiinfection Compound Library manufacturer|Antiinfection Compound Library research buy|Antiinfection Compound Library order|Antiinfection Compound Library chemical structure|Antiinfection Compound Library datasheet|Antiinfection Compound Library supplier|Antiinfection Compound Library in vitro|Antiinfection Compound Library cell line|Antiinfection Compound Library concentration|Antiinfection Compound Library clinical trial|Antiinfection Compound Library cell assay|Antiinfection Compound Library screening|Antiinfection Compound Library high throughput|Anti-infection Compound high throughput screening| 403 (ST 403) D0121 Human unknown Canada Centers for Disease Control 45 (ST 45) The seven strains were assayed by polymerase chain Methane monooxygenase reaction (PCR) with gene-specific primers for the presence of a number of known or putative virulence determinants for which presence/absence variation had previously been documented in epidemiological studies (Table 2; [21, 22]). None of the strains were PCR-positive for the plasmid-borne

virB11 gene; as a control for the PCR assay, we verified the presence of the virB11 gene in strain 81–176, which carries the pVir plasmid [43]. Strains D2600, D0835, and NW were PCR-negative for the iam marker; strain D2600 was also PCR-negative for the wlaN gene. Restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on PCR products of the flaA, LOS, cdtABC, ceuE, pldA, ciaB, dnaJ, and cgtB genes of these strains. The resulting FG-4592 solubility dmso banding patterns were used to generate the neighbor-joining tree shown in Figure 1B. The two strains that were unable to colonize the mice at levels detectable by culture again clustered at a distance from each other and from the colonizing strains. Strains 11168 and D2586 were identical in the RFLP analysis of virulence-associated loci but rather different in MLST. Similarly, strains D2600 and D0835 had very similar RFLP patterns but appeared in different MLST clusters. Table 2 Virulence determinants detected by gene-specific PCR assay.