2A). In the fluorochrome-labelled images, woven bone was clearly present at the proximal, proximal/middle and middle, but not distal, sites in the right loaded tibiae of the DYNAMIC + STATIC group (Fig. 3A). No woven bone formation was observed in the non-loaded tibiae in any group. Histomorphometry confirmed the marked increases in both periosteal and endosteal bone formation of the right loaded tibiae in the DYNAMIC + STATIC group and the absence of such new bone formation in the non-loaded tibiae (Table 3; Figs. 2B and 2C). This analysis detected a small but significant increase Ibrutinib molecular weight in periosteal bone formation at

the distal site of the right loaded tibia in the DYNAMIC + STATIC group that was not revealed by μCT (Table 3). In trabecular bone of the proximal tibia in the DYNAMIC + STATIC group, the right loaded side had markedly higher percent bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular thickness (0.01–0.25 mm site: +44.5 ± 7.6% [p < 0.01], + 18.0 ± 4.2% [p = 0.03], and + 21.0 ± 3.9% [p < 0.01], respectively; 0.25–1.25 mm site: + 62.5 ± 7.6%, + 27.8 ± 6.4%, and + 26.3 ± 1.7%, respectively [p < 0.01]) compared to the left non-loaded side ( Table 4; Fig. 2D). In contrast, no differences in

these parameters were observed between the left and right proximal tibiae in the STATIC or NOLOAD group. Furthermore, there Trichostatin A mouse were no significant differences between the left non-loaded tibiae of the DYNAMIC + STATIC group and left or right tibiae of the STATIC or NOLOAD group. Fluorochrome-labelled images confirmed these μCT results ( Fig. 3B). The only difference detected other than in the right loaded tibiae of the DYNAMIC + STATIC group was decreased trabecular thickness at the 0.01- to 0.25-mm site in the right loaded tibiae of the STATIC group compared to the left tibiae in the NOLOAD group (− 6.8 ± 0.9%; p < 0.01) ( Table 4). In cortical bone of the middle fibula in the DYNAMIC + STATIC group, periosteally enclosed and cortical bone volumes in the right loaded side were markedly higher (+ 36.9 ± 3.3% and + 44.1 ± 3.2%, respectively; p < 0.01) than those of the contra-lateral

non-loaded side ( Table 5; Fig. 2E). In contrast, Dapagliflozin no differences in these parameters were detected among the non-loaded fibulae in all groups. Fluorochrome-labelled images confirmed a marked increase in periosteal bone formation of the right loaded fibulae in the DYNAMIC + STATIC group and no difference in bone formation between the left non-loaded fibulae in the DYNAMIC + STATIC group and the left or right fibulae in the STATIC or NOLOAD group ( Fig. 3C). The data for the femora, ulnae and radii are shown in Table 5 and Fig. 2E. In the DYNAMIC + STATIC group as well as the STATIC and NOLOAD groups, there were no differences in periosteally enclosed and cortical bone volumes in the cortical regions between the left and right femora, ulnae and radii. The fluorochrome-labelled images confirmed the lack of difference in periosteal bone formation among these bones (data not shown).