Blots were incubated with the indicated primary antibodies overnight at 4°C and detected with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody. The monoclonal anti-PKCε antibody was used at the dilution of 1:3, 000, whereas anti-GAPDH (sc-137179; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was used at the dilution of 1:2, 000.

Immunocytochemistry for PKCε expression and location 769P cells were washed with 1× PBS and fixed Cell Cycle inhibitor in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature, blocked in 0.1% PBS-Tween solution containing 5% donkey serum (v/v) at room temperature for 1 h, and incubated overnight with anti-PKCε antibody (1:300) in blocking solution. Then cells were washed three times for 10 min with 0.1% PBS-Tween and incubated for 1 h with secondary antibody in blocking solution. DyLight488-conjugated AffiniPure donkey anti-mouse IgG (H + L) was used at the dilution of 1:500 (715485151, Jackson ImmunoResearch Europe, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK). After incubation, cells were washed three times with 0.1% PBS-Tween, counterstained with Hoechst 33342, and mounted for confocal microscopy. The expression and location of PKCε in cells were observed under a fluorescent microscope. RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown PKCε in 769P cells As described in literature [26–28], 769P cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against

PKCε (sc-36251) and negative control siRNA (sc-37007) by Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent and Opti-MEMTM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the Selleckchem JQ-EZ-05 GSK1210151A manufacturer manufacturer’s protocol. All siRNAs were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Briefly, 1 × 105 769P cells were plated in each well of 6-well plates and cultured to reach a 90% confluence. Cells were then transfected with siRNA by using the transfection reagent in serum-free medium. Total cellular proteins were isolated at 48 h after transfection. PKCε expression was monitored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western

blot using the anti-PKCε antibody mentioned above. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Total RNA was isolated Tangeritin from 769P cells transfected with PKCε siRNA or control siRNA, or from untransfected cells using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen) as per the manufacturer’s protocol, and subjected to reverse transcription using reverse transcriptase Premix Ex Taq (Takara, Otsu, Japan). The sequences of PKCε primers used for PCR were as follows: forward, 5′-ATGGTAGTGTTCAATGGCCTTCT-3′; reverse, 5′-TCAGGGCATCAGGTCTTCAC-3′. The sequences of internal control glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were as follows: forward, 5′-ATGTCGTGGAGTCTACTGGC-3′; reverse, 5′-TGACCTTGCCCACAGCCTTG-3′. PKCε was amplified by 30 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 1 min, annealing at 60°C for 30 s, extension at 72°C for 2 min, and final extension at 72°C for 8 min.