Detection was carried out using either 6A3 monoclonal antibody, which was raised against purified Apa (Lara et al., 2004), or concanavalin A (ConA)

conjugated with peroxidase (Sigma), both at a 1 : 1000 dilution. For detection of the hemagglutinin epitope in tagged Pmt proteins, membrane fractions were subject to electrophoresis in 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, transferred to PVDF membranes, and incubated with 3F10 high-affinity anti-hemagglutinin-Peroxidase antibodies find more (Roche) at a 1 : 1000 dilution. Detection was carried out with the BM Chemiluminescence Western blotting kit (Roche). Purification of membrane fractions from Streptomyces mycelium was carried out as described by Kim et al. (2005), and c-Met inhibitor fractionation of M. smegmatis membranes used for standardization of Ppm activity was carried out as described by Cascioferro et al. (2007). Assay of Ppm activity in membrane fractions was carried out as described by Gurcha et al. (2002), using GDP-[U-14C]mannose,

262 mCi/mmol (PerkinElmer). Pmt activity was determined in a coupled assay using the Apa-derived peptide A3 (Invitrogen) as described by Cooper et al. (2002). Detailed description is provided in Data S1. The bacterial two-hybrid system of Karimova et al. (1998) was used, based on plasmids pKT25 and pUT18 with modified polylinker regions (Karimova et al., 2001). β-galactosidase activity was determined according to Miller (1972). The sco1423 gene (ppm) encodes Ppm of S. coelicolor (PpmSco; Cowlishaw & Smith, 2002; Wehmeier et al., 2009). We constructed strain IB31 carrying a deletion of this gene in the J1928 background, which is wild type except for a pgl mutation that allows bacteriophage φC31 to form plaques (Table 1). As expected, φC31 was able to form plaques in J1928 (Fig. 1a,

plate 1), but not in the Δppm mutant IB31 Verteporfin solubility dmso (Fig. 1a, plate 2; Table S2), confirming that PpmSco is required for infection by φC31. To determine whether PpmSco is required for glycosylation of the Apa protein of M. tuberculosis by S. coelicolor, we cloned the apa gene (Rv1860) under the control of the PtipA promoter in the integrative vector pRT802 and introduced the resulting plasmid (pBL1, Table 1) into the wild-type (J1928) and Δppm (IB31) strains. The Apa protein obtained from supernatants of J1928 carrying the cloned apa gene (in pBL1) could be seen as a clear band in Western blots, both when detection was based on a monoclonal antibody (Fig. 1b, lane 1) and when it was based on reaction to the ConA lectin (Fig. 1c, lane 1), meaning that S. coelicolor is able to express, secrete, and glycosylate the Apa protein, as has been previously shown for S. lividans; in contrast to S. lividans, the Apa protein secreted by S. coelicolor was subject to some degradation, as revealed by the presence of a faint faster migrating band not observed in S. lividans (Lara et al., 2004).