In particular, a study conducted in our cohort in the early era of HAART [13] showed that intolerance/toxicity was the main reason for discontinuing first-line HAART in the first year. Treatment strategies have evolved dramatically over recent years, and data are lacking regarding the possible impact of the use of currently recommended regimens in first-line therapy on

the incidence of, and reasons for, drug discontinuation. Therefore, the aim of our analysis was to investigate whether the incidence of first-line treatment discontinuations and their causes have changed according to the year of starting HAART. The study population was drawn from that of the Italian COhort Naïve Antiretrovirals (ICoNA) Foundation LDK378 supplier Study, a multicentre buy PD-0332991 prospective observational study of HIV-1-positive persons which began in 1997 with the aim of following the enrolled patients for a minimum of 10 years. Recently it has been agreed to re-open enrolment and to extend the follow-up of existing patients to a minimum of 10 additional years. Patients eligible for inclusion in the cohort

are those who, for whatever reason, are naïve to antiretrovirals at the time of enrolment regardless of the stage of the disease. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data and information on therapy are collected for all participants and recorded online [http://www.icona.org]. All data are updated at the occurrence of any clinical event and, otherwise, at least every 6 months. When a patient discontinues a drug in 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase the antiretroviral regimen, regardless of whether or not he/she switches to another regimen, clinicians are asked to report the reason

for discontinuation. A coded computer form is provided in which reasons for discontinuation are categorized as follows: clinical contraindication, immunological failure, virological failure, clinical failure, gastrointestinal intolerance, hypersensitivity, lipodystrophy, nervous central system symptoms, other side effects/symptoms, toxicity based on laboratory data (haematological, renal, hepatic, glucose/lipid metabolism or other), presumed cardiovascular toxicity, poor compliance, patient’s decision, simplification in the case of undetectable HIV plasma viraemia, change of drug formulation, changes in international guidelines, therapy discontinuation after clinician’s decision, therapy discontinuation after patient’s decision, and ‘other reasons’. The clinician is asked to choose only one of these reasons for each drug stopped. Patients included in this analysis were those who started HAART (>2 drugs) when ART-naïve before 1 January 2007, and who underwent at least one follow-up clinical visit after starting therapy.