The trends important for engineering efficient heat transfer nanofluids are summarized. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3524274]“
“Iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis is a major nutritional disorder in crops growing in calcareous soils. Iron deficiency MK-1775 purchase in fruit tree crops causes chlorosis, decreases in vegetative growth and marked fruit yield and quality losses. Therefore, Fe fertilizers,
either applied to the soil or delivered to the foliage, are used every year to control Fe deficiency in these crops. On the other hand, a substantial body of knowledge is available on the fundamentals of Fe uptake, long and short distance Fe transport and subcellular Fe allocation in plants. Most of this basic knowledge, however, applies only to Fe deficiency, with studies involving Fe fertilization (i.e., with Fe-deficient plants resupplied with Fe) being still scarce. This paper reviews recent developments in Fe-fertilizer research and the state-of-the-art of the knowledge on Fe acquisition, transport
and utilization in plants. Also, the effects of Fe-fertilization on the plant responses to Fe deficiency are reviewed. Agronomical Fe-fertilization practices should benefit from the basic knowledge on plant Fe homeostasis already available; this should be considered as a long-term goal that can optimize fertilizer inputs, reduce grower’s costs and minimize the environmental impact of fertilization. (C)
selleckchem 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“A non-dipping pattern in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The association between renal function and the dipping pattern has not been studied in a random middle-aged population. This is a cross-sectional population-based study of 226 males and 234 Selleck LY2874455 females aged 40 to 62 years. Renal function was assessed with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Non-dipping status was defined as a reduction of <10% between the daytime and the nighttime systolic BP. Non-dippers represented 18.7% of the study population. Their mean eGFR was 79.1 (s.d. 15.7) mlmin(-1) per 1.73m(2) as compared with a mean eGFR of 84.1 (s.d. 16.2) mlmin(-1) per 1.73m(2) in dippers (P=0.005); this difference remained significant after adjustments. Subjects in the lowest and in the middle eGFR tertiles had an independently increased risk of non-dipping in comparison with those in the highest eGFR tertile (odd ratios (OR), 2.34 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18 to 4.63) and OR, 2.01 (95% CI, 1.06 to 3.83), respectively). This study showed that even a minor deterioration in renal function is associated with increased risk of non-dipping pattern in ABPM in a random middle-aged population. Journal of Human Hypertension (2010) 24, 247-253; doi:10.1038/jhh.2009.