This value corresponds to 31 emerged hatchlings. The novel model is a suitable framework to predict the temperature and metabolic heat within the nest. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Several linkage analyses implicated the chromosome 9q22 region in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disease with remarkable persistence into adulthood. This locus contains the brain-expressed GTP-binding RAS-like 2 gene (DIRAS2) thought https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mdivi-1.html to regulate neurogenesis. As DIRAS2 is a positional and functional ADHD candidate gene, we conducted an association study
in 600 patients suffering from adult ADHD (aADHD) and 420 controls. Replication samples consisted of 1035 aADHD patients VE-821 chemical structure and 1381 controls, as well as 166 families with a child affected from childhood ADHD. Given the high degree of co-morbidity with ADHD, we also investigated patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) (n = 336) or personality disorders (PDs) (n = 622). Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the structural gene and
the transcriptional control region of DIRAS2 were analyzed. Four SNPs and two haplotype blocks showed evidence of association with ADHD, with nominal p-values ranging from p = 0.006 to p = 0.05. In the adult replication samples, we obtained a consistent effect of rs1412005 and of a risk haplotype containing the promoter region (p = 0.026). Meta-analysis resulted in a significant common OR of 1.12 (p = 0.04) for rs1412005 and confirmed association with the promoter risk haplotype (OR = 1.45, p = 0.0003). Subsequent analysis in nuclear families with childhood ADHD again showed an association of the promoter haplotype block (p = 0.02). rs1412005 also increased risk toward BD (p = 0.026) and cluster B PD (p = 0.031). Additional SNPs showed association with personality scores (p = 0.008-0.048). Converging lines of evidence implicate genetic variance in the promoter region of DIRAS2 in the etiology of ADHD and co-morbid impulsive disorders. most Neuropsychopharmacology (2011) 36, 2318-2327; doi:10.1038/npp.2011.120; published online 13 July 2011″
“The aim of this study was to clarify the significance
of HSP70 and sHSP for thermotolerance in freshwater amphipods. We compared four amphipod species from different freshwater habitats and biogeographical regions (Central Europe vs. Lake Baikal). Test individuals were exposed to thermal stress generated by a water temperature of 25 degrees C The thermotolerance of the species, determined by median lethal time (LT50), followed in decreasing order by Gmelinoides fasciatus, Echinogammarus berilloni, Gammarus pulex, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus. HSP70 and sHSP base level concentrations for the species were determined at control (i.e. non-stress) conditions. For HSP70, the base levels were positively correlated to the species’ thermotolerances. For sHSP, however, only thermotolerant G. fasciatus showed a high level.