3 Thus, a child with chronic sleep disorders may have learning and memory consolidation impairment at school, irritability

and mood modulation alterations, difficulty sustaining attention, and behavioral alterations such as aggression, hyperactivity, or impulsivity.4, 5, 6 and 7 Furthermore, the chronic sleep deficit lowers the threshold for accidental injury and promotes metabolic changes that, in the long term, can cause other conditions, such as overweight and Pictilisib cost its consequences.8 and 9 Pediatricians and family physicians play a key role in promoting quality of sleep in children.10 and 11 For this purpose, they need to have knowledge of methods of sleep quality promotion, of physiology aspects and age-dependent sleep modifications, and of the importance of good-quality sleep in childhood.12 A recent study demonstrated that, although 96% of American pediatricians consider it to be their role to advise parents about sleep hygiene methods, only 18% reported having received formal training on the subject.10

Moreover, in the United States, the Sleep in America Poll, conducted in 2004, including approximately 1,500 families of children up to 10 years old, demonstrated that only 13% of pediatricians asked parents about possible sleep disorders.13 A survey conducted in pediatrics residency programs in the United States, Canada, Japan, India, Vietnam, South Korea, Singapore, and Indonesia observed that the mean time spent in sleep education at the institutions in those countries was two hours Neratinib supplier during the training period, and that a quarter of the reported programs offered no instruction on the subject.14 Sleep disorders are divided into eight different categories, which include insomnia, sleep disordered breathing, hypersomnia of central origin, circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias sleep-related movement disorders, unresolved issues and isolated symptoms (which include snoring,

somniloquy, and benign myoclonus), and other sleep disorders.15 The latter category includes sleep disorders considered to be physiological or environmental.16 The environmental disorders, often of behavioral origin, can be prevented if properly managed through sleep hygiene measures.17 The objective of this article was to perform a systematic review of interventions CYTH4 aiming at sleep hygiene, and their applicability and effectiveness in pediatric clinical practice, so that they can be used in parental guidance. Between the months of March and April of 2014, a search was conducted in the PubMed database using the following keywords sleep hygiene OR sleep education AND children or school-aged. Review articles were excluded, as well as those including participants aged 10 years or more, or populations with comorbidities (hospitalization during the study, neurological or respiratory diseases, behavioral or psychiatric disorders).