Exceptions are noteworthy, not only because they suggest tools for the discrimination of the fungus but also because they provide information valuable to our understanding of fungal evolution [46–48]. In that respect, intron Bbrrnl1 inserted within domain II of rnl’s secondary structure was located in a novel (unique) site amongst the 36 Ascomycota complete mt genomes examined (Additional
File 6, Table S6). Even selleck chemicals though introns have been found in the same domain in Basidiomycota, for example Agrocybe aegerita [49], the uniqueness of this insertion site is of great importance to ascomycetes, as it may be a result of horizontal intron transfer. The fact that this intron encodes for a GIY-YIG homing endonuclease which shares homology with ORFs Volasertib clinical trial in introns located in different genes in other fungal genomes further strengthens the hypothesis of horizontal transfer. Yet, such a hypothesis p53 activator remains to be experimentally tested. Recently, a thorough attempt was made to determine associations of morphological characteristics with molecular data in Beauveria species [1]. Based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and EF-1a sequences 86 exemplar isolates were examined and assigned to six major
clades (A-F), where all known Beauveria species were included. B. bassiana isolates were grouped into two unrelated and morphologically indistinguishable clades (Clades A and C), while B. brongniartii formed a third sister clade to the other two (designated as Clade B). A new species, B. malawiensis, was later introduced and placed as sister clade to clade E [50], and several
other B. bassiana isolates pathogenic to the coffee berry borer from Africa and the Neotropics were added to Clades A and C [22]. Our results from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 dataset are in full Cyclooxygenase (COX) agreement with the grouping into Clades A-C and this division of B. bassiana isolates into two distinct clades is further supported by the mt intergenic region and the concatenated datasets with the best so far known bootstrap values. Mt genomes present different evolutionary rates compared to the nuclear [51] and topologies provided by one evolutionary pathway may not always indicate the correct relationships. As indicated by our findings, combining information from two independent heritages (nuclear and mt) may offer the possibility to resolve phylogenetic ambiguities. Thus, the two unrelated and morphologically indistinguishable B. bassiana clades proposed by Rehner and Buckley [1], i.e., the “”B. bassiana s.l.”", which contains the authentic B. bassiana (Clade A), and the “”pseudobassiana”" clade, which remains to be described (Clade C), are fully supported by our combined mt and nuclear data. Equally well supported by bootstrap is the placement of B. brongniartii strains as a sister clade to B. bassiana. The consistent clustering of the three B. bassiana isolates (our Clade A2 in Fig. 5 and Additional File 5, Table S5), which grouped basally to other B.