Simultaneously, the pro-apoptosis protein bax and anti-apoptosis protein bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the number of TUNEL-positive cells increased dramatically in the glomerular layer of the OB of the CUMS rats, accompanied
with up-regulated expression of bax protein and down-regulated expression of bcl-2 protein. The findings indicate that increased apoptosis may be attributed to explain at some level for the reduced OB volume and olfactory dysfunction in depressed patients. Moreover, Ispinesib concentration the mitochondria-dependent death pathway might be involved in apoptosis in the OB of the CUMS rats. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We examined phosphorylation of H2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks over the life of a human fibroblast cell line. This marker was compared with a number of other cellular senescence and DNA repair endpoints. An increase in gamma H2AX foci number was observed after 24 hours of repair time following
DNA damage over the Nocodazole cell line course of fibroblast passaging. Progressive and relatively constant changes in growth retardation, doubling time, and telomere length were also observed. The fraction of cells expressing beta-gal, a marker of cellular senescence, increased considerably around the 40th passage as did some other cell morphology endpoints. The detectable gamma H2AX foci at 24 hours after ionizing radiation were far fewer than the number detected at 1 hour across all passage numbers. We conclude that although residual DNA damage Necrostatin-1 level increases with passage number, it is unlikely to be the result of less efficient DNA repair in the aged fibroblast since most DNA damage is repaired, even at late passages.”
“Aquaporins facilitate water transport
through cell membranes. Due to the localization of AQP1 and AQP4 in the brain, they might contribute to cerebral edema.
Our study aimed to determine whether AQP1 and AQP4 can be measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and whether there is a difference in AQP1 and AQP4 concentration between patients with bacterial meningitis (BM) and healthy controls.
AQP1 and AQP4 concentrations in CSF from 35 patients with BM and 27 controls were analyzed using a commercial ELISA.
The mean concentration of AQP1 in CSF was significantly elevated in patients with BM (BM: 3.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, controls: 0.8 +/- 0.5 ng/ml; p < 0.001). AQP4 had a tendency to be increased, however the difference was not significant (BM: 1.8 +/- 3.1 ng/ml, controls: 0.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.092). AQP1 and AQP4 in CSF of BM patients were inversely correlated (r = -0.47, p = 0.004).