The key nuclear receptors involved in the adaptive response to cholestasis induced by BDL are farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), short heterodimer partner (SHP), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane Inhibitor Library receptor (CAR) and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). Of these, FXR is central to the response as it is the intracellular bile acid sensor regulating the majority of processes involved in bile acid formation, transport, and detoxification.

FXR limits hepatocellular bile acid overload through several mechanisms. Bile acids bind to FXR and inhibit their own synthesis by repression of transcription of CYP7A1 by induction of SHP. In the intestine, FXR induces fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF-15), which Ganetespib binds to and activates hepatic fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR-4)

signaling to inhibit bile acid synthesis in the liver. FXR inhibits hepatocellular import of bile acids in a feedback loop by repressing hepatocellular basolateral bile acid uptake via the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) in a SHP-dependent manner. FXR also induces the excretion of bile acids into the biliary canaliculus in a feed-forward fashion by stimulating the bile salt export pump (BSEP). In addition, FXR stimulates retrograde bile acid export back into portal blood via the organic solute transporter alpha and beta (OSTα/β). The canalicular bilirubin pump MRP2 is also induced by activation of FXR, thereby providing a means to transport tetrahydroxylated bile acids that accumulate during cholestasis.24,25 The nuclear receptors PXR and CAR contribute to bile acid excretion during cholestasis by activating phase I and phase II detoxification pathways that render bile acids more hydrophilic and less toxic, and therefore more amenable to urinary excretion. These pathways are also regulated by FXR. Other key nuclear receptors that serve in an adaptive role during cholestasis are LXRα, the key intracellular cholesterol sensor; and PPAR-α, which induces bile acid conjugation via UGT2B4 and UGT1A3, represses CYP7A1, and increases biliary phospholipid secretion.24,25 The paper by

Kolouchova et al. in this issue reports on the effects of pravastatin on transporters, enzymes, and nuclear receptors MCE公司 involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in the setting of BDL-induced cholestasis in rats.26 These data offer a glimpse into the complex regulatory networks controlled by nuclear receptors and the potential roles that statins may play in altering the functions of these master transcriptional regulators. Changes in the mRNA expression of a host of transporters and enzymes integral to bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis were found. Likewise, the mRNA expression levels of key nuclear receptors involved in bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis were altered with pravastatin treatment in the BDL compared to sham operated rats.

Quantitative HCV RNA measurements were performed as described.7 EVR (early virologic response) was defined as ≥2 log reduction or undetectable HCV RNA at week 12 of therapy, and SVR (sustained virologic response) was defined as undetectable HCV RNA

at 24 weeks following cessation of therapy. All patients had HFE genotyping performed (Table 1). Of note, one patient had hereditary hemochromatosis (C282Y homozygote) and had been phlebotomized prior to starting treatment. Serum iron, transferrin Selleck Smoothened Agonist saturation, and ferritin were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques. HFE genetic analysis for C282Y and H63D mutations was performed using LightCycler technology (Roche Applied Sciences) with Genes-4U ToolSets. Rs12979860 polymorphisms in the IL28b gene were detected using the LightMix Kit IL28B (Roche/Tib MolBiol). Serum hepcidin measurements were performed using a combination of weak cation exchange chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) (www.hepcidinanalysis.com, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) as described.16 Although different hepcidin isoforms exist, hepcidin-25 is considered the bioactive form and iron regulatory hormone. Therefore, hepcidin-25 is reported here as hepcidin. Other isoforms were not detected in serum from

the majority of patients and levels did not change appreciably following treatment (data not shown). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were prepared from whole KU-57788 cell line blood samples as described.7 RNA was extracted from PBMCs using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) and the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, UK). Reverse transcription was performed using the High Capacity cDNA Archive

Kit (Applied Biosystems). Gene 上海皓元 expression analysis for hepcidin (HAMP) was analyzed using AB Taqman gene expression assay system (Applied Biosystems) using AB 7000 sequence detector. Gene expression levels were calculated using the Delta-Delta Ct method as described17 and values were normalized to GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase) endogenous control. Serum cytokine analysis was performed on blood from a subgroup of 22 patients using an electrochemiluminescence detection assay (MesoScale Discovery) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Detection antibody was incubated with the samples for 2 hours and sample assays were incubated overnight at 4°C. Data were analyzed using MesoScale Discovery Workbench software. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were determined using the Multigent CRP Vario Kit (Abbott) on the c8000 Architect system. Human hepatoma Hep3B cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, high glucose, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated low-endotoxin fetal bovine serum (FBS, Invitrogen), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 1 mM sodium pyruvate and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2. Cell experiments were performed at least in triplicate in at least two independent experiments.

19 The present case TGF-beta inhibitor control study comprised of 230 consecutive, newly diagnosed, cholesterol gallstone patients (USG positive) recruited among patients attending the clinics of the Department of Gastroenterology and Gastro-surgery of Sanjay Gandhi

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) Lucknow, UP India from March 2006 to March 2009. A total of 220 healthy controls (age and gender matched) were recruited from unrelated individuals from northern India. The inclusion criteria for controls were absence of asthma, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and gallstones proven by ultrasonography. After obtaining the informed consent, all the individuals were personally interviewed for information on ethnicity, food habits, occupation and tobacco usage. Both patients and controls had similar ethnicity. The study was approved by the institute’s local ethics committee and informed consent was obtained from

all the subjects. Blood samples from all the subjects were collected in ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and stored at −70°C until further use. To confirm the type of gallstone, the cholesterol content of stones available from 67 gallstone patients were evaluated soon after cholecystectomy. Cholesterol content was estimated (in triplicate) using commercially available kits (Accurex Biomedical Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India) and the obtained cholesterol content was expressed as percentage of dry weight, which was further characterized as described selleck chemicals by Ramond et al.20 Laboratory personnel were blinded to the case control status of the subjects. The genomic DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood leukocytes pellet using the standard salting-out method.21 The genetic variant of the ABCG8 gene loci was determined by using standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction

fragment length analysis (PCR-RFLP). The ABCG8 D19H polymorphic site containing the fragment was amplified by PCR. The genotyping 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 for the ABCG8 D19H polymorphism was carried out as described previously.22 To improve the genotyping quality and validation, 10% of the samples were genotyped by Taqman probes and no discrepancy in genotyping was observed. Genotyping of 5% of samples were confirmed by DNA sequencing. To explore the gender specific effect of these polymorphisms, analysis was carried out after stratification of all the subjects according to gender. Descriptive statistics of patients and controls were presented as mean and SD for continuous measures, whereas frequencies and percentages were used for categorical measures. The χ2 goodness of fit test was used for any deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between study groups were estimated by χ2-test.

To prove the hypothesis and develop a more convenient animal model, we produced a transgenic (TG) mouse model that exhibits an inappropriate overexpression of miR-221 in the liver. This TG model is characterized by the appearance of spontaneous liver tumors in a fraction of male mice and a strong acceleration of tumor development in 100% of mice treated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA). This model represents a valuable tool to perform preclinical investigations on the use of miRNA

or anti-miRNA approaches for liver cancer therapy. α1-AT, alpha1 antitrypsin; AMOs, anti-miR oligonucleotides; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2; BMF, Bcl2-modifying factor; CDKN, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; DDIT4, DNA damage-inducible transcript 4; TIMP3, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; DENA, MLN0128 ic50 diethylnitrosamine; EII, enhancer II; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IP, intraperitoneal; IV, intravenous; miR-221, microRNA-221; miRNA, microRNA; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; TG, transgenic; WT,

wild type. Animal experimentation was BTK inhibitor approved by the institutional ethical committee. Mice were maintained in a vented cabinet at 25°C with a 12-hour light-dark cycle and were provided food and water ad libitum. Ten-day newborn mice received one intraperitoneal (IP) injection of DENA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) (7.5 mg/kg body weight)16-19 and then were sacrificed at various ages. All mice were subjected to autopsy, 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 and tissues were partly fixed in 10% formalin and partly frozen in liquid nitrogen. Mice and livers were weighed. The anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO) against miR-221 was: 5′-mG*mA*mA mAmCmC mCmAmG mCmAmG mAmCmA mAmUmG mU*mA*mG* mC*mU-3′ (where “m” represents 2′-O-methyl RNA bases and asterisk [*] represents phosphothioate bond)

and was obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies (Leuven, Belgium). For in vivo evaluation of miR-221 targeting, mice received a single intravenous (IV) dose of 300 μg (10 mg/kg) of anti-miR-221 diluted in saline solution. All animals were sacrificed after 48 hours. Blood and livers were analyzed as described above. For assessing antitumor activity of in vivo anti-miR treatments, 10-day newborn mice received one IP injection of DENA (7.5 mg/kg body weight), and after 2 months, each mouse received a single IV dose of anti-miR-221 (10 mg/kg) diluted in saline solution every 15 days for a total of three injections (approximately 1 mg total for each mouse). Mice were sacrificed at 4 and 5 months of age. Other reagents and methods are described in the Supporting Materials. A miR-221 expression vector, based on the pWhere as vector backbone (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), was developed.

Mice lacking NOX1 or NOX2 show attenuated hepatic ROS generation and liver fibrosis. Chimeric BM mice demonstrate that both NOX1 and NOX2 have an important role in hepatic fibrosis in endogenous liver cells, including HSCs, whereas NOX2 has a lesser role in BM-derived cells. Activated HSCs have up-regulated expression of components of NOX1 and NOX2, and both NOX1 and NOX2

mediate ROS generation and fibrogenic responses in HSCs. Our study provides the rationale to target specific components of nonphagocytic Fulvestrant molecular weight NOX as novel therapies for hepatic fibrosis without suppression of NOX2-mediated host defense. We thank Karin Diggle for technical assistance and Jung Ho Lee for technical assistance on fluorescent microscopy and helpful discussion. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. “
“LN BEAUMONT,1 A GORDON,1 M KITSON,1 P LEWIS,1 P CREST,1 S ROBERTS1 1Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia Background: Overall rates of treatment with peginterferon-based therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C in Australia remain low. We therefore conducted an audit of all chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) Selleckchem MI-503 infected patients referred to The Alfred

Hepatitis Clinics in relation to referral patterns to our clinics and treatment disposition to better understand the reasons for why treatment uptake rates are low. Methods: All patients with a positive HCV RNA referred to The Alfred Hepatitis Clinics between October 2011 and October 2012 were included. Data on demographics, medical history, biochemistry, virology and liver stiffness via Fibroscan was prospectively collected from an initial pre-assessment clinic consultation and from subsequent

Hepatitis Clinic reviews. Results: A total of 92 patients with a positive HCV RNA [52 males, mean age 46.7 years (range 25–73 years)] were referred during the audit period. 85 patients had HCV genotyping (Gt) available; 43 (50.6%) had HCV Gt1, 37 (43.5%) HCV Gt3, 3 (3.5%) HCV Gt2, and MCE公司 2 (2.4%) HCV Gt4. Mean viral load was log10 5.59 (range 1.86–7.2). In 70 patients who underwent Fibroscan, median liver stiffness was 9.2 kPa (range 3.4–72.0); 11 (15.7%) had a value >13 kPa. Mean ALT was 92 IU/mL (range 13–416). Of 19 patients with IL-28B results 9 (47.4%) were CC genotype. 38 (41.3%) patients were prior heavy drinkers while 17 (18.5%) patients were current heavy drinkers. 8 (8.7%) patients were treatment experienced and 34 (37.0%) had significant current psychiatric, drug and alcohol use issues preventing treatment. 9 (9.8%) had commenced treatment since attending Hepatitis Clinic, and 4 (4.3%) were being prepared for treatment. Average wait time for pre-assessment clinic was 2 weeks. Fibroscan wait time was the major determinant of wait time for subsequent Hepatitis Clinic review.

Results: POEM was successfully performed and effectively released the dysphagia symptom in all patients. Both the patient symptom scores of achalasia, and the manometric pressure were significantly reduced after POEM. The median Eckardt score was 6.3 ± 1.9 and 0.8 ± 1.6 before and 6 months after POEM, respectively (P < 0.01). Manometric pressure studies (mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure) showed substantial improvement following POEM (preoperative 47.3 mmHg vs. postoperative 20.6 mmHg, P < 0.01). There was one case of intraoperative PKC412 solubility dmso complications: full-thickness esophagotomy, which was repaired endoscopically with no sequelae. Conclusion: POEM appears

to be a safe, effective and less invasive treatment against achalasia. However, further studies on technical method amendments and long-term follow-up examinations are still required. Key Word(s): 1. Esophageal; 2. Achalasia; 3. HRM; 4. POEM;

Presenting Author: UMITBILGE DOGAN Additional Authors: MUSTAFASALIH AKIN, SERKAN YALAKI, NEVINAKCAER OZTURK, AGAHBAHADIR OZTURK Corresponding Author: UMITBILGE DOGAN Affiliations: Objective: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is an unusual cause of proximal intestinal obstruction. The ZD1839 syndrome is characterized by compression of the third portion of the duodenum due to narrowing of the space between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta and is primarily attributed to loss of the intervening mesenteric fat pad. We present the case of a 19-year old female who presented with epigastric pain, weight loss, and vomiting. Methods: A 19-year-old thin girl (BMI 13.8) presented with an 18-month history of severe

postprandial epigastric pain, nausea, anorexia, and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal examination revealed a distended stomach and proximal duodenum to the level of the SMA. Upper endoscopy demonstrated a large, fluid-filled stomach. The duodenum was dilated down to the third part, at which point a tight, pulsating extrinsic stricture was noted. The endoscope could not be advanced past this narrowing. A CT scan of her abdomen confirmed a dilated stomach and proximal duodenum to the level of the SMA 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 in the absence of any external masses (Figure). The patient was successfully treated with open duodenojejunostomy. One month later, she remains asymptomatic with a total weight gain of 1.2 kg. Results: SMAS can be difficult to diagnose and diagnosis is often made on clinical suspicion and radiologic evidence of obstruction. Features of SMA syndrome on upper gastrointestinal series are a dilated proximal duodenum and vertical or oblique compression of the third portion of the duodenum. In our case, abdominal CT with intravenous contrast and upper gastrointestinal series were the only studies required for diagnosis. Although endoscopy is of minor positive diagnostic value, we feel it is mandatory in all patients to rule out intraluminal pathology.

Turtles regularly move between backwaters and the main river channel, which highlights the likely disturbance from backwater detachment, a water saving practice in the lower Murray River. “
“In terrestrial animals with rigid protective structures, the ability to upright

after being overturned can make the difference between life and death, especially in suboptimal thermal conditions or in the presence of predators. This trait is assumed to be under strong selection. Different factors can influence righting ability, body dimensions and body mass for instance. As find more these morphological traits diverge among populations, inter-population variability in righting ability is expected. Previous studies on tortoises were performed within single populations and they usually

focused on juveniles raised in captivity, precluding an assessment of the check details inter-population variability in a natural (realistic) context. In the current study, we quantified the righting performance in four populations of free-ranging adult tortoises. We found strong differences in righting success among populations and between genders, suggesting possible adaptations to local conditions. For instance, the topography (e.g. slopes) of each study site varied markedly. On average, males were more successful in righting themselves than females. Body size did not influence righting performances in males, but larger females were less successful compared to smaller ones. 上海皓元 The success in righting was positively correlated with carapace domedness (height) and short bridges. “
“Pectoral fin loss

is a dramatic evolutionary phenomenon that has occurred independently in different teleost lineages. Here, we report the first case of pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes), with the discovery of a new species of mastacembelid from Lake Tanganyika (LT), Mastacembelus apectoralis sp. nov. M. apectoralis can be distinguished from all other mastacembelid species by its complete loss of pectoral-fin rays, distal pectoral radials and pectoral radials, as well as a reduction in pectoral girdle elements that include smaller and less well-developed coracoid and minute scapular bones. Other distinguishing characteristics include a near absence of scales, lack of pigmentation and the presence of well-developed adductor muscles. A previous multigene phylogeny of mastacembelids placed M. apectoralis sp. nov. within the LT species flock, having diverged from its sister species Mastacembelus micropectus∼4.5 million years ago. M. micropectus also shows a reduction in the size of its pectoral fin and endoskeletal girdle, and has largely cartilaginous pectoral radials and a reduced number of pectoral-fin rays. Here, we compare the pectoral girdle of M. apectoralis and M. micropectus with LT and non-LT African mastacembelids. M.

Therefore, location within the beam pattern does not appear to influence detection as much as distance. Twenty-two radar detections were recorded for PTT locations that were calculated to be above or below the radar’s beam pattern (Table 1). Most of these were near the edge of the beam pattern

where they might have been detected because the antenna’s Tamoxifen molecular weight sensitivity is not a sharp cut-off. Birds that were below the beam pattern and not detected were significantly (t=2.55, P<0.01, d.f.=92) farther below the beam than birds that were detected (means: 74 vs. 43 m). Likewise, birds that were above the beam and were not detected were significantly (t=2.71, P=0.01, d.f.=8) farther above the beam than those that were detected (means: 441 m versus 121 m). Apparent detections of a PTT-equipped bird calculated to be outside the beam might also have been the result of several birds flying in close proximity and one or more others of the group flying at an altitude within the antenna's coverage pattern. This scenario is highly likely

FK506 concentration based on the behavior of both species of vultures when soaring. Comparisons between the speeds and directions recorded by the GPS-PTT tags and the individual radar Tracks can be misleading. In some cases, the match between the PTT speed and heading and the radar’s values is poor because the birds were soaring and circling (as determined from their radar tracks); in other individual cases there is a reasonable match. The closeness of the values depends on exactly when the values are recorded relative to one another. On the radar side, a contributing factor is that the antenna requires 2.5 s for each revolution. The time difference would be MCE公司 twice that if a bird was not detected

on each scan. On the satellite side, there is delay from when GPS unit turns on until it obtains the fix from sufficient satellites. This typically requires no more than several seconds because the birds are above the trees and other structures that might block view of the sky. Spurious values can be generated by GPS measurement and produce errors when the bird is moving slowly over the ground (Hurford, 2009). These errors also could contribute to the poor correlations, especially in heading. Some speed values, as well as headings, change rapidly for a track from a circling bird because the speeds are ground speeds. When a circling bird turned into the wind, we noted that its ground speed decreased 10 m s−1 or more. Occasionally, a GPS reported 0 m s−1 speed but simultaneously recorded an altitude up to 475 m. We examined 21 records with 0 m s−1 in which the bird was calculated to be within the radar’s beam (Table S1). In 13 cases (62%), the radar data corresponded to the GPS location report, with associated speeds of 5–15 m s−1 calculated by the radar.

29% (n = 24) had low Vit D at 12 months of whom 58% (n-14) were deficient at baseline. Surprisingly, only 10/30 patients with initial deficient Vit D reported adherence with Vit D supplementation and 8/10 (80%) achieved Vit D sufficiency. In the remaining 20, Vit D remained deficient at follow up in 13 (65%) and had become sufficient in 7 without supplementation. The mean IBDQ scores did not change over the 12 months in either those who achieved sufficiency or remained deficient (became sufficient 48–50 cf remained deficient 48–49). In those who took HDAC inhibitor the Vitamin D and became replete, only one had a significant increase in

IBDQ (>17 point increase). Of patients with Vit D sufficiency at baseline (n = 50), by 12 months 80%

(n = 40) remained Vit D sufficient while 20% (n = 10) had become Vit D deficient. Over the 12 months, neither patients who maintained sufficient vitamin D levels nor those who subsequently developed Vit D deficiency had any significant change in mean IBDQ BAY 73-4506 score (remained sufficient: 52–54 cf became deficient: 52–48). By 12 months, of the 28 subjects with baseline abnormal BMD, 15 remained osteopenic/osteoporotic while 10/28 had normal BMD. Of those with normal baseline BMD, only 1/47 subsequently became osteopenic. Of note, in this patient, initial and follow-up Vit D measures were low (20 and 21 respectively). Conclusion: Vit D deficiency is highly prevalent, despite this being a predominantly ambulant outpatient sample. Impaired bone health, was also surprisingly common (>1/3 of the cohort), despite an average age of ∼32. Despite advice, Vit D therapy was poorly adopted, but biochemically successful when taken. As yet, the relationships amongst disease activity, QoL and Vit D and the role of supplementation are unclear, however, for prevention of future osteoporosis alone, it may be justified given the prevalence of deficiency we have discovered. 1. Mouli, VP and Ananthakrishnan, AN. Review article: vitamin D and inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014. Volume 39:2 pp 125–136. 2. Nowson CA, McGrath JJ, Ebeling PR, et al. MCE Vitamin

D and health in adults in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement. Med J Aust. 2012 Jun 18; 196(11): 686–687. PubMed PMID: 22708765. Epub 2012/06/20. eng. 3. Guyatt G, Mitchell A, Irvine EJ, Singer J, Williams N, Goodacre R, Tompkins C. A new measure of health status for clinical trials in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1989; 96: 804–810. CHAMARA BASNAYAKE,1 GREGORY MOORE2 1Gastroenterology Registrar, Monash Health; 2Head of Inflammatory Bowel diseases Monash Health Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) is an increasingly used diagnostic imaging test in patients with either suspected or known IBD. We sought to determine the clinical utility of MRE in a tertiary referral center and compare it with other factors that influence diagnosis and management.

Therefore, we analyzed the outcomes of endoscopic resection buy Romidepsin for gastric neoplasm in patients with LC. Methods: From January 1995 to December 2012, 120 patients with LC (case group) underwent endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm at Asan Medical Center. To compare the clinical outcomes, age, sex, and tumor size-matched control group (n = 360) were selected from patients without LC. In addition, we analyzed the changes in the outcomes of the

Child-Pugh classification after the procedure. Methods: From January 1995 to December 2012, 120 patients with LC (case group) underwent endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm at Asan Medical Center. To compare the clinical see more outcomes, age, sex, and tumor size-matched control group (n = 360) were selected from patients without LC. In addition, we analyzed the changes in the outcomes

of the Child-Pugh classification after the procedure. Results: Among total 120 patients of the liver cirrhosis group (median age 68.5 years, men 103 patients), 106 patients(88.3%) were in Child-Pugh A classification and 14 patients (1.2%) were in Child-Pugh B. The complete/curative resection rates were 100%/97.5% in the

case group and 91.9%/91.9% in the control group (p = 0.60 and p = 0.70, respectively). The median procedural time was 33.5 minutes in the case group and 33.7 MCE公司 minutes in the control group (p = 0.930). Bleeding was observed in 7 cases of the case group (5.83%) and in 16 cases of the control group (4.44%) after the procedure (p = 0.673). No perforation occurred in the control group and 4 cases of microperforation occurred in the control group (p = 0.576). The median follow up period after the procedure in the case group and the control group was 29.2 months and 44.24 months, respectively. In the case group, 4 of 106 cases of Child-Pugh A were changed to Child-Pugh B (3.3%) and none of 14 cases of Child-Pugh B were changed to Child-Pugh C after undergoing endoscopic resection. Conclusion: Endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasm can be performed in LC patients with a comparable efficacy and safety to the patients without LC. Also, endoscopic resection does not worsen the Child-Pugh classification in the majority of the patients. Key Word(s): 1. Endoscopic resection; 2. liver cirrhosis; 3.